AS CONCEPÇÕES MÉDICAS DO SÉCULO XVIII E A ATUAÇÃO DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO SOBRE A HIGIENE PÚBLICA NAS CIDADES NO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XIX.

Este artigo visa abordar as concepções médicas do século XVIII que formulavam qual seria a melhor maneira de tornar as cidades salubres, livres dos temidos miasmas. Esse debate que estava presente entre os médicos também era veiculado entre os arquitetos e engenheiros, a quem cabia na melhor maneira de intervir nas cidades. Todas as recomendações para evitar a propagação dos supostos miasmas e tornar a atmosfera mais salubre no Brasil foram transpostas para o corpo jurídico através das Posturas Municipais que visavam também disciplinar comportamentos

Estudios de pre-mejoramiento genético en Panicum coloratum var. coloratum: Caracterización usando marcadores moleculares y caracteres agro-morfológicos

Panicum coloratum var. coloratum is a native African perennial C4 grass, introduced to Argentina. It is tolerant of salinity and cold and has good forage production. The scarce genotypic and phenotypic information about this grass limits its breeding in order to satisfy market demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability in a collection of P. coloratum var. coloratum formed by 8 accessions and grown at EEA INTA Rafaela during the summer of 2011, based on 15 ISSR molecular markers and 17 morphological characters. For all morphological characters, the distribution of variability observed in the collection was high and not homogenous. The characters that showed greater variation were related to forage and seed production. Eight ISSRs, selected according to their reproducibility, showed 127 bands with 100% polymorphism and allowed grouping of populations according to their site of collection. AMOVA study indicated that more than 58% of the molecular variation existed within accessions; this would be consistent with the predominant allogamous form of reproduction. The results showed that the combined use of molecular and morphological markers offer complementary information. The high variability detected in this collection will allow for the initiation of a breeding program to improve important characters like those related to DM yield and seed production.Fil: Burgos, Estanislao. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Thompson, Carolina Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Mabel Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Tomas, Maria Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Reinventando o passado, transformando o presente: danças, imagens e espelhos entre os qom do Chaco argentino

En 2006, tras el encuentro entre indígenas kanak de Nueva Caledonia y qom del Impenetrable (Argentina), se conformó el grupo qom de danza y teatro Pocnolec, que emergeen el panorama contemporáneo de artistas indígenas abocados a recuperar las prácticas de sus antepasados. Nos proponemos reflexionar sobre el rol político de la danza qom a partir del análisis de algunas de las miradas que se condensan en el encuentro qom-kanak, así como del proceso histórico de colonización evangelizadora, a la vez que analizar la construcción de una autoimagen utilizando la metáfora del reflejo que se produce en distintos espejos o segmentos sociales. A modo de hipótesis, planteamos que estas danzas se presentan como prácticas estratégicas de revitalización indígena de algunos colectivos qom, expresadas particularmente en el grupo Pocnolec, con la quese busca subvertir el sentimiento de vergüenza que la mirada evangelizadora construyó sobre sus propios cuerpos. Tras una reflexión histórica y etnográfica sobre el rechazo de estas prácticas por parte de algunos sectores sociales, nos proponemos visibilizar la importancia del marco histórico y político de la producción de las danzas y las performances del grupo Pocnolec, para que no sean interpretadas como la reproducción de estereotipos de un indígena esencializado, hiperreal.In 2006, after the encounter between the Kanak indigenous people of New Caledonia and the Qom of the Impenetrable (Argentina), the Qom dance and theater group, Pocnolec, was formed, emerging in the contemporary scene of indigenous artists who focused on recovering the traditions of their ancestors. In this paper, we aim to reflect on the political role of the Qom dance based on the analysis of some of the views found in the Qom-Kanak encounter, as well as the historical process of evangelizing colonization, while analyzing the construction of a self-image using the metaphor of the reflection that occurs in different mirrors or social segments. As a hypothesis, we propose that these dances be presented as strategic practices of indigenous revitalization of some Qom collectives, particularly expressed in the Pocnolec group, with which they seek to subvert the feeling of shame that evangelization generated on their own bodies. After a historical and ethnographic reflection on the rejection of these practices by some social sectors, we propose to showcase the importance of the historical and political context of the production of the dances and performances of the Pocnolec group, so that they are not interpreted as reproduction of stereotypes of an essentialized, hyper-real indigenous person.Em 2006, após o encontro entre os indígenas Kanak de Nueva Caledonia e os qom do Impenetrável (Argentina), formou-se o grupo de dança e teatro Qom, Pocnolec, que surge na cena contemporânea de artistas indígenas focados em resgatar as práticas de seus ancestrais. Propomo-nos a refletir sobre o papel político da dança Qom a partir da análise de algumas das visões que se condensam no encontro Qom-Kanak, bem como do processo histórico de colonização evangelizadora, ao mesmo tempo que se analisa a construção de uma autoimagem a partir da metáfora da reflexão que ocorre em diferentes espelhos ou segmentos sociais. Como hipótese, propomos que essas danças se apresentam como práticas estratégicas de revitalização indígena de alguns coletivos Qom, expressas particularmente no grupo Pocnolec, com as quais buscam subverter o sentimento de vergonha que o olhar evangelizador construiu em seus próprios corpos. Após uma reflexão histórica e etnográfica sobre a rejeição dessas práticas por alguns setores sociais, propomos tornar visível a importância do quadro histórico e político da produção das danças e performances do grupo Pocnolec, para que não sejam interpretadas como reprodução de estereótipos de um indígena com essencialidade e hiper-real.Fil: Soler, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Mariana Lilian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; Argentin

Social interest and social bonding: understanding collegiate hazardous drinking and marijuana use

The purpose of the current study was to examine both social interest and social bonding in relation to collegiate hazardous drinking and marijuana use. Social interest is a component of Adler's Individual Psychology and refers to one's interest in the welfare of others (Ansbacher, 1992). This construct has been linked to substance abuse in light of Adler's assertions that alcohol and drug abuse are consequences of the failure to develop social interest (Adler, 1956). Social bonding, developed by Travis Hirschi, is a construct stemming from Control Theory. Hirschi posited that one's bond to society is created by four elements, namely, attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. He asserted that strong social bonding curbs delinquent behavior, which includes all acts punishable by agents of society if discovered, including illegal alcohol and marijuana use (Hirschi, 1969). Therefore, this study examined the relationship between the internal construct of social interest and the external construct of social bonding on college substance abuse in an effort to better understand those students at-risk for hazardous drinking and marijuana use. The sample consisted of 300 full-time undergraduate students who completed a 102 item survey packet. The results of the study supported the notion that social interest and social bonding are related to collegiate hazardous drinking and marijuana use. Specifically, the results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the social bonding variables of Religious Commitment, Conventional Beliefs, and Respect for Authority accounted for 21% of the variance in collegiate hazardous drinking. Additionally, the results of two omnibus MANOVA tests revealed that both social interest and social bonding variables significantly differed between groups of marijuana users ranging from nonusers to daily users, and significantly differed between substance abuse configurations including those who neither engage in hazardous drinking nor marijuana use, engage in hazardous drinking only, engage in marijuana use only, or engage in both substance abusing behaviors. Finally, the results of a discriminant function analysis indicated that Religious Commitment, Conventional Beliefs, and Respect for Authority were significant predictors of membership in the substance abuse configuration groups. These results have implications for counselors and counselor educators. Counselors working with collegiate populations may benefit by addressing social interest and social bonding elements with their clients through assessments and interventions, as well as incorporating these constructs into their conceptualizations and treatment plans. Counselor educators may best serve counselors-in-training by infusing the constructs of social interest and social bonding into course curriculum. Finally, these results have implications for future research. In the future, researchers should explore each of the significant social interest and social bonding variables that contributed to differences between groups of college students engaged in various configurations of substance abuse

Trabalho doméstico e suas complexidades: uma avenida entrecruzada por raça, gênero e classe

Book review: Trabalho Doméstico, by Juliana Teixeira, published in 2021.Resenha do livro: Trabalho Doméstico, de Juliana Teixeira, publicado em 2021

Implementation of a new cost efficacy method for blood irradiation using a non dedicated device

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To implement a new cost efficacy internal Service for blood component irradiation, we carried out specific procedures and quality assurance reports using the linear accelerators (LINACs) of the Regina Elena Institute (IRE) Radiotherapy Department instead of a dedicated device.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The technical aspects, quality assurance and regulatory requirements of the internal procedure to set up a local irradiated blood bank have been defined. The LINACs of the IRE Radiotherapy Department were used to deliver a mean dose of 32 Gy and dose accuracy was checked with gafchromic film. The overall time/cost of this procedure was compared with the previous procedure, out-sourcing the irradiation of blood components.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 1996 blood component units were internally irradiated in the first year. Moreover, reducing the overall procedure time by a third. Overall cost/bag of external and internal procedures was approx. 66 € and 11 €, respectively. Thus the average saving of cost/bag was higher than 80%. The use of gafchromic films in all irradiated blood component bags allowed the accuracy of the dose delivered to blood to be checked.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>By utilizing LINACs installed in the Radiotherapy Department it is possible to provide an internal blood component irradiation service, capitalizing on internal resources without any inconvenience/discomfort to patients undergoing radiotherapy and satisfying governmental regulatory requirements. The internal irradiation procedures has proven to be safe and feasible, and along with the significant cost/time reduction suggests that it is more advantageous than external procedures.</p

CARACTERÍSTICAS QUE SE ASSOCIAM COM A OMISSÃO DO CAFÉ DA MANHÃ EM ADOLESCENTES MONTEVIDEANOS QUE COINCIDEM A COLÉGIOS PRIVADOS

The objective of the article is to know the characteristics that are associated to the omission of the breakfast of adolescents of 11 to 17 years who attend private schools of Montevideo. Cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study using a secondary database. We studied the association between breakfast omission and different variables, with 696 students and then with the subsample of 196 that skipped breakfast. Student's t test was calculated, Pearson's chi square test was applied. To identify the risk, the OR was calculated. Statistical significance value p &lt;0.05. Processing and statistical analysis SPSS version 21.0. 28.2% of adolescents skipped breakfast. The probability of omitting breakfast with respect to not omitting it is approximately 2.25 higher in adolescents who are alone with respect to those who are accompanied. Among those who skipped breakfast, 40.4% were overweight or obese, with a higher number in those aged 13 years or younger (p = 0.002). The most mentioned reason for omitting breakfast was "getting up late and not having time". Age and sex were significantly associated with the reason mentioned. The omission of breakfast is a problem in this population. Being overweight and obese is a major complication among those who skip breakfast. Being alone in this time of food increases the chances of omitting it.El objetivo del artículo es conocer las características que se asocian a la omisión del desayuno de adolescentes de 11 a 17 años que asisten a colegios privados de Montevideo. Estudio transversal, descriptivo, analítico mediante el uso de una base de datos secundaria. Se estudió la asociación entre la omisión del desayuno y diferentes variables, con 696 estudiantes y luego con la submuestra de 196 que omiten desayunar. &nbsp;Se calculó Test t de Student, se aplicó el test chi cuadrado de Pearson. Para identificar el riesgo se calculó el OR. Valor significancia estadística p &lt; 0,05. Procesamiento y análisis estadístico SPSS versión 21.0. El 28.2% de los adolescentes omitió desayunar. La probabilidad de omitir el desayuno con respecto a no omitirlo es aproximadamente 2,25 más alto en los adolescentes que se encuentran solos con respecto a los que se encuentran acompañados. Entre quienes omitían el desayuno un 40.4% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, siendo mayor esta cifra en los que tenían 13 años o menos (p= 0.002). El motivo más mencionado para omitir el desayuno fue “levantarse tarde y no tener tiempo”. La edad y el sexo se asociaron significativamente con el motivo mencionado. La omisión del desayuno es un problema en esta población. El sobrepeso y obesidad es una complicación de gran magnitud entre quienes omiten desayunar. Estar sólo en este tiempo de comida aumenta las chances de omitirlo.O objetivo deste artigo é conhecer as características associadas à omissão de adolescentes de pequeno-almoço com idade entre 11 e 17 anos que frequentam escolas particulares em Montevidéu. cruzar estudo analítico descritiva usando um banco de dados secundário. a associação entre a saltar o pequeno almoço e variáveis ​​diferentes, com 696 alunos e depois com a subamostra de 196 que o desjejum foram estudados. O teste t de Student foi calculado, o teste foi aplicado Pearson qui-quadrado. Para identificar o risco foi calculado o OR. Valor de significância estatística de p &lt;0,05. Processamento e análise estatística SPSS versão 21,0. 28,2% dos adolescentes desjejum. A probabilidade de saltar o pequeno almoço sobre não omitir é cerca de 2,25 maior nos adolescentes que estão sozinhos em relação aos quais são acompanhados. Entre aqueles omitido pequeno-almoço 40,4% tinham excesso de peso ou obesos, sendo este valor mais elevado em pacientes com 13 anos ou menos (p = 0,002). A razão mais citada para saltar o pequeno almoço foi "ficar até tarde e não tenho tempo." Idade e sexo foram significativamente associados com a razão mencionada. A omissão de pequeno-almoço é um problema nesta população. Sobrepeso e obesidade é uma complicação de grande magnitude entre aqueles que o desjejum. Estar sozinho neste tempo de alimentos aumenta as chances de pular

Imagen y etnicidades en el Impenetrable chaqueño: (auto)representaciones de “lo indígena” en las políticas turísticas

La actual avanzada sobre el Impenetrable chaqueño aúna intereses del agronegocio y políticas turísticas estatales (nacionales y provinciales) que se sintetizan en dos dispositivos centrales: el Máster Plan El Impenetrable y el Parque Nacional El Impenetrable. Partiendo de una línea de investigación que aborda la reciente producción turística del Impenetrable chaqueño, este trabajo analiza los discursos, imágenes y diversos dispositivos que se han generado desde las políticas públicas, comprendidos como una "tercera avanzada" histórica sobre la región, producto de una triple convergencia: intereses estatales, lógicas de mercantilización cultural y espacios sociales de resistencia/negociación. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las políticas turístico-culturales del Impenetrable pueden inscribirse en el marco de procesos de mercantilización de la cultura que se instituye desde lógicas globales donde la etnicidad se vuelve el objeto de administración estatal y explotación turística. Los índices de indigeneidad que permean los discursos, imágenes, prácticas y dispositivos deben entenderse tanto en su densidad histórica como en el marco del capitalismo turístico y en la agencia indígena. Por ello también nos interesa atender a la autoconstrucción y circulación de una (auto)imagen del indígena: las condiciones de posibilidad de la acción política organizada en torno a la imagen y de los cuerpos que en ocasiones interpelan las políticas indigenistas y en otras son apropiadas en el contexto de un esencialismo estratégico. El trabajo está conformado por un corpus de discursos e imágenes oficiales, de ONGs, de prensa, de varios fotógrafos, de colectivos indígenas, piezas gráficas y de propaganda. Además, el trabajo recupera observaciones etnográficas sobre actos performáticos de grupos de danza-teatro indígenas que asumen diversas denominaciones según su inserción en el mercado turístico-cultural. Asimismo, interesan los dispositivos turísticos construidos en el territorio del Impenetrable (centros de interpretación, postas turísticas, etc.) donde la exposición de objetos étnicos junto a sus hacedores indígenas rememora prácticas colonialistas históricas que, en ocasiones, son tomadas por los indígenas como una instancia de inserción de su producción artesanal y del ejercicio de lógicas de esencialismo estratégico.GT59: Agencias indígenas y políticas indigenistas: hacer, des-hacer y re-hacer la(s) política(s).Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Alteration of the Growth Hormone Axis, Visceral Fat Dysfunction and Early Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults: The Role of The Visceral Adiposity Index

The aim of the study is to clarify the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction, metabolic profile and growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I secretion in healthy adult subjects. We investigated the metabolic profile in a cohort of 231 consecutive healthy subjects in relation to GH, IGF-I levels, and visceral adiposity index (VAI). Anthropometric measures, lipid profile, and glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test, Homa-IR and ISI Matsuda, IGF-I and GH peak after GHRH plus Arginine test were analyzed. The subjects with high VAI showed lower GH peak (22.8 ± 11.1 vs. 42.2 ± 21.3 µg/L; p = 0.049) and lower IGF-I (presented as IGF-I under normal range, UNR) (0.54 ± 0.14 vs. 0.64 ± 0.12; p = 0.005) than group with normal VAI. ROC curve analysis identified the cut-off, able to detect subjects with high VAI, i.e., 31.8 µg/L for GH peak and 0.63 for IGF-1 UNR. The subjects with GH peak and IGF-I UNR under the cut-off showed significantly higher levels of VAI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose and insulin levels, Homa-IR, and lower ISI Matsuda, with a concomitant worse lipid profile (all p < 0.001). A strong relationship between GH axis, VAI and metabolic risk has been demonstrated. A percentage of apparently healthy subjects show a degree of visceral adipose dysfunction associated with GH and IGF-I levels that do not meet the criteria of overt GH deficiency (GHD). Long-term prospective studies could help to clarify and confirm whether a hypothetical condition of subclinical GHD could be taken into account as a new clinical entity